去势对北京油鸡鸡冠发育、屠宰性能及脂肪代谢的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨去势对不同周龄北京油鸡公、母鸡鸡冠发育、屠宰性能及脂肪代谢的影响，为油鸡去势鸡产业发展、脂类代谢研究等提供参考。选取体重相近的3周龄北京油鸡(公、母各80只)，随机平均分成对照组与去势组，对照组进行假手术，去势组摘除睾丸或卵巢，共4组。分别于13、17和22周龄屠宰测定其鸡冠特性、屠宰性能和脂肪代谢相关指标。采集血液样品，用全自动生化分析仪测定血清中甘油三酯（TG）的含量；采集肝样品，用索氏抽提法测定肝组织中总脂含量。结果表明，与对照相比，去势显著降低13、17和22周龄公鸡的冠长、冠高和冠重，显著提高17和22周龄母鸡的冠长、冠高和冠重（P<0.05）；去势对13周龄公、母鸡的活重、全净膛重、屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率未产生显著影响（P>0.05）；另外，去势对17和22周龄公鸡活重无显著影响（P>0.05），但显著降低17和22周龄公鸡腿肌率，显著提高13、17、22周龄公鸡腹脂率和17周龄公鸡胸肌率（P<0.05）；去势显著提高17周龄母鸡活重、全净膛重、屠宰率和17、22周龄母鸡腹脂率（P<0.05）。去势组13、17、22周龄公鸡血清TG和肝总脂含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；去势组17周龄母鸡血清TG和17、22周龄母鸡肝总脂含量显著高于对照组。上述结果表明，去势显著抑制公鸡鸡冠发育，促进母鸡鸡冠加速生长；去势对公鸡不同时期的活重未产生影响但显著降低腿肌率，提高腹脂率；去势一定程度提高母鸡的活重和腹脂率。去势可能是通过增加血清TG和肝总脂含量来促进公、母鸡的腹脂沉积。

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of caponization and ovariectomy on comb development，slaughter performance and fat metabolism in male and female chickens at different weeks，and to provide the reference for industry development of castrated chicken and research on lipid metabolism.Eighty Beijing-you female chickens and eighty Beijing-you male chickens with similar weight were selected at 3 weeks，and divided into control group and gonadectomy group randomly with sham-operated as controls，caponization and ovariectomy as treatments，totally for 4 groups.Comb development，slaughter performance and fat metabolism indexes were examined after slaughter at 13，17 and 22 weeks.After blood and liver samples collected，automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine triglyceride content in serum，whilst soxhlet extraction methods were used to determine total fat content in liver.Compared with controls，caponization significantly decreased comb length，comb height and comb weight at 13，17 and 22 weeks of male chickens (P<0.05)，meanwhile ovariectomy significantly increased comb length，comb height and comb weight at 17 and 22 weeks of female chickens (P<0.05).Caponization and ovariectomy had no significant effect on live weight，carcass weight，dressing percentage，percentage of breast muscle and thigh muscle at 13 weeks of chickens (P>0.05).Additionally，caponization had no significant effect on live weight at 17 and 22 weeks of male chickens (P>0.05)，but capons had lower percentage of thigh muscle at 17 and 22 weeks and exhibited higher percentage of breast muscle at 17 weeks and higher percentage of abdominal fat at 13，17 and 22 weeks than those in control (P<0.05).Ovariectomy significantly increased live weight，carcass weight and dressing percentage at 17 weeks and percentage of abdominal fat at 17 and 22 weeks than those in control (P<0.05).The triglyceride content in serum and total fat content in liver of capons were significantly higher than those in control at 13，17 and 22 weeks (P<0.05).Ovariectomized group exhibited significantly higher content of triglyceride in serum at 17 weeks and total fat content in liver at 17 and 22 weeks of female chickens than those in control (P<0.05).The results indicate that caponization significantly inhibited comb developing of male chickens and ovariectomy significantly promoted comb development.Caponization had no influence on live weight at different weeks but significantly reduced percentage of thigh muscle，and increased percentage of abdominal fat.Ovariectomy increased live weight and percentage of abdominal fat to some extent.Finally，gonadectomy might promote abdominal fat deposition of chickens by increasing the content of serum TG and total fat in liver.

中图分类号:

S8351.4

崔小燕，王杰，刘杰，赵桂苹，刘冉冉，郑麦青，李庆贺，文杰. 去势对北京油鸡鸡冠发育、屠宰性能及脂肪代谢的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(7): 1414-1421.

CUI Xiao-yan，WANG Jie，LIU Jie，ZHAO Gui-ping，LIU Ran-ran，ZHENG Mai-qing，LI Qing-he，WEN Jie. Effects of Caponization and Ovariectomy on Comb Development，Slaughter Performance and Fat Metabolism in Beijing-you Chickens[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(7): 1414-1421.

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